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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 17

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revelation.17.rev1711EighthKing

αὐτὸς ὄγδοός ἐστιν

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How does the beast relate to the seven kings?

The beast that was and is not is itself an eighth, yet belongs to the seven, and goes to destruction.

Why this default

The default leaves ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά deliberately open as ‘from the seven,’ preserving the visionary paradox instead of imposing a genealogy.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultThe beast that was and is not is itself an eighth, yet is from the seven, and it goes to destruction

Project default

AlternativeThe beast once present but now absent becomes an eighth, from the seven, and departs into ruin

Alternate rendering

AlternativeThe beast that was and is not is also an eighth, one of the seven, and goes to destruction

Leaves the paradoxical relation intact rather than resolving its symbolic arithmetic.

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.