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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

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public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 20

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revelation.20.rev2014SecondDeath

ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How are Death and Hades themselves judged?

Death and Hades are cast into the fire lake, which the text identifies as the second death.

Why this default

The default first narrates the defeat of Death and Hades, then explicitly identifies the fire lake as the second death, preserving the verse’s explanatory structure.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultDeath and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death—the lake of fire

Project default

AlternativeDeath and the realm of the dead were cast into the fiery lake; this is the second death

Alternate rendering

AlternativeDeath and Hades were cast into the fire lake. This—the lake of fire—is the second death

Makes the appositional identification explicit while retaining Death and Hades as personified subjects.

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.