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The evidence beneath the English

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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 21

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revelation.21.rev211NewCreation

οὐρανὸν καινὸν καὶ γῆν καινήν

TRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

What does John see after the judgment?

A new heaven and earth replace the first creation, and the sea is no more.

Why this default

The default uses ‘new’ rather than ‘renewed’ because καινός describes the creation John sees, while the passing of the first order supplies the transformation context.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultI saw new heaven and earth; the first heaven and earth passed away, and the sea was no more

Project default

AlternativeI saw renewed sky and earth; the former heaven and earth departed, and the sea ceased to exist

Alternate rendering

AlternativeI saw new heaven and earth; the first heaven and earth went away, and the sea no longer is

Preserves καινός as newness and the striking present-tense absence of the sea.

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.