DWThe Direct WitnessAccount

The evidence beneath the English

Every consequential choice
leaves a record.

The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

6,497

chapter-level decision records generated from the live translation registry

1

public provenance schema, designed to remain machine-readable and auditable

SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Revelation 7

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revelation.7.rev79PalmsText

φοίνικες / φοίνικας

TEXTTRANSLATIONmoderate confidence

How are the palm branches related to the countless crowd?

Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, and NA28 use the nominative, presenting palm branches as accompanying the standing crowd. The Byzantine text uses the accusative, fitting an implied ‘holding’ construction.

Why this default

The nominative reading is preferred because all three critical editions construe the palm branches as an accompanying feature of the standing multitude without supplying an additional participle.

Evidence

ExternalNo separate external-evidence note is recorded for this stable-text decision.

InternalThe decision record relies on the stated lexical, grammatical, or translation rationale.

Project defaultwith palm branches in their hands

Project default · WH/Tregelles/NA28

WitnessesWestcott-Hort · Tregelles · NA28
Alternativeholding palm branches in their hands

Byzantine accusative

WitnessesByzantine tradition (RP)

Reference roleStandardized inspectable reference; manuscript forks are independently reopened.

Revision historyNo decision-level revision has been recorded since the provenance ledger was introduced.

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Record integrity

One registry drives both the reader and this record.

The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

Decision-level revision history begins with this ledger. Earlier development is not reconstructed into false precision; future material changes can be appended to the relevant record with their reason and date.