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The published library was developed through direct Greek analysis, lexical work, and manuscript comparison. Where surviving witnesses materially disagree, the competing Greek readings and their effect on English remain open to the reader.

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1

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SBLGNT

standardized inspectable Greek reference edition

Textual basis

SBL Greek New Testament

Edited by Michael W. Holmes. The project's standardized, publicly inspectable Greek reference edition. It is not presented as retroactive proof that every existing chapter originated from one uniform printed edition.

This is an honest reference claim, not a retroactive claim that all completed work began from one uniform printed edition. Material manuscript forks remain independently documented at the reading they affect.

SBLGNT project · Text and apparatus · License

Translation record

Romans 1

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01
δοῦλος Χριστοῦ ἸησοῦHow does Paul identify his relation to Christ Jesus?
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02
ὃ προεπηγγείλατοHow had God related to this gospel beforehand?
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03
ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυὶδ κατὰ σάρκαHow is the Son related to David?
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04
τοῦ ὁρισθέντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμειWhat happened concerning Jesus as Son of God in power?
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05
κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνηςWhat is contrasted with descent according to flesh?
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06
εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεωςWhat is the goal of Paul’s apostleship among the nations?
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07
κλητοὶ Ἰησοῦ ΧριστοῦHow are the Roman believers related to Jesus Christ?
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08
κλητοῖς ἁγίοιςHow does Paul address them?
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09
λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μουHow does Paul serve God?
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10
συμπαρακληθῆναιWhat does Paul clarify he expects from the visit?
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11
βαρβάροιςWho are contrasted with Greeks?
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12
τὸ εὐαγγέλιον / τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ ΧριστοῦDoes Paul explicitly call it ‘the gospel of Christ’?
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13
εἰς σωτηρίανWhat does God’s power accomplish?
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14
δικαιοσύνη θεοῦWhat is revealed in the gospel?
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15
ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστινHow is God’s righteousness revealed?
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16
ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεταιDoes ‘from faith’ attach more closely to ‘righteous’ or to ‘will live’?
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17
ὀργὴ θεοῦWhat is revealed from heaven?
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18
τὴν ἀλήθειαν ... κατεχόντωνWhat do people do to the truth by injustice?
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19
τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖςWhat is evident, and where?
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20
θειότηςWhat invisible divine quality is perceived in creation?
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21
ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖςWhat happened to their reasonings?
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22
θεοστυγεῖςDoes Paul describe people who hate God or people hated by God?
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23
μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδειWhat exchange underlies their worship?
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24
πάθη ἀτιμίαςWhat were they handed over to?
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25
τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν ... τὴν παρὰ φύσινWhat contrast is made in the female clause?
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26
ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξειHow is the males’ desire described?
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27
τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοιHow does Paul characterize the act?
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28
ἀδόκιμον νοῦνWhat kind of mind are they handed over to?
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29
ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ / ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ πονηρίᾳDoes the vice list explicitly include sexual immorality here?
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30
ἀστόργους / ἀστόργους ἀσπόνδουςDoes the list add ‘irreconcilable/covenant-breaking’?
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The manifest is regenerated from the translation source before every production build. Its source digest is 7c4cbee907fbc0e84976d6e78a615134e2288f8197ce8abcf67b0452155ddc84.

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